Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• metals is also time- and dose-dependent. Among many other factors, the valence state plays an important role in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Many studies have shown that an increased concentration of heavy metals is correlated with the severity of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity [37]. Lead causes

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• on the right was exposed to light. The sample in the citric acid column exposed to light for four weeks showed a color change from yellow to clear, possibly indicating a valence state change from Ce4+ to Ce3+. The citric acid sample exposed to light appears to be completely colorless after four weeks

• representative of particle dissolution, due to the valence state change from Ce4+ to Ce3+ during dissolution. The particles in citric acid exposed to light were completely dissolved after four weeks as indicated by DLS and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), shown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively. In

• Table 2 of Grulke et al. [34], changes in the valence state at the edge and core of the nanoparticles were shown over twelve weeks of dissolution. The Ce3+ concentration increased as the particle size decreased, but only slightly. Figure 7 of Yokel et al. [33] shows little to no change within four weeks

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• calculations were determined based on the survey spectra collected in a wide range of binding energies, while valence state calculations were based on the high-resolution spectra. The C 1s peak (285.0 eV) was used to correct the results. Analysis of XPS spectra was performed with the Casa-XPS software using a

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• ) three magnetic components attributed to blocked Fe3+ moieties, blocked Fe2+ moieties, and Fe ions with intermediate valence state between Fe3+ and Fe2+, as commonly observed in typical magnetite below the Verwey transition; (ii) a quadrupolar component assigned to Fe2+ moieties, probably due to some

• technique is highly sensitive to the valence state of Fe species and thus enables the identification of magnetite and maghemite and the estimation of their respective proportions. Measurements were performed in a transmission geometry with a 925 MBq γ-source of 57Co/Rh mounted using a conventional constant

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• oxide (not to be confused with stannous oxide with tin in the oxidation state of 2+ [13], also known as cassiterite [14]. SnO2 materials have many interesting properties. For instance, the structure and electronic structure can be manipulated easily due to the highly tunable valence state and oxygen

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• , correspond to tellurium in the fourth valence state (Te4+) and are consistent with literature data [27][38]. The highly oxidative atmosphere during the sputtering process results in a lack of metallic tellurium in the deposited film. The Eu 4d spectrum can be deconvoluted into two doublets, which suggests

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• transition point, the two mentioned cases are clearly different. For Ef = 1.5 all sixteen states of different occupancies are degenerate in the transition point (e = pjσ = dj = dσσ′ = tjσ = f = 1/4). Interacting dots in this case are in mixed valence state and real-charge fluctuations between different

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• treatment of nanoceria can produce significant differences in solubility and surface cerium valence, which affect the biological and catalytic properties of nanoceria. Keywords: cerium; dissolution; nanoparticles; physicochemical properties; valence state; Introduction The long-term fate of engineered

• valence state difference on the nanoceria surface may contribute to the dissolution rate difference. As the nanoceria size decreases, the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio increases (Figure 13). The edge and core of NM-212 had about 90% Ce4+ whereas the 4 nm solvothermally synthesized ceria exhibited predominantly Ce3

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• the sample. Meanwhile, the two characteristic peaks of Ti 2p are located at 458.6 and 464.3 eV in Figure 5c. These peaks represent the binding energy of Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2, which indicates that Ti is in the +4 valence state in the sample. The spacing between the two peaks of 5.7 eV is also

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• the film erosion rate, the effect of ionic strength was largely dependent on the type and valence state of the salts [51]. Although the hydrogen bond is much weaker than the electrostatic interactions, and could be easily damaged by the dissolution processes, their stimuli responsiveness and the

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• nontoxic products. In this work, a CuO/tourmaline composite with zero-dimensional/two-dimensional (0D/2D) CuO architecture was successfully obtained via a facile hydrothermal process, and its photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB). Surface element valence state and

• ), (410), (122), (051), (232), (511), (502), (431), (303), (152), (342), (143), (063), (271), (550), (054), (713), and (505) planes of schorl (JCPDS 85-1811). No impurity peaks were detected, indicating the predominance of CuO and tourmaline in the composite. The surface element component and valence

• state of the as-synthesized photocatalysts were investigated with XPS (Figure 1b). Two XPS peaks with binding energy of 932.93 eV and 952.79 eV correspond to Cu 2p3/2 and Cu 2p1/2, respectively. The satellite peaks with higher binding energy of 941.78 eV and 961.45 eV were observed [26]. In comparison

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• Li2S and Li2S2 into the high valence state Li2S4–8 [42][43][44]. One should note that the Li/S batteries with a pristine separator and those with a GO-coated separator exhibit much broader redox peaks than that of the Li/S batteries with TiO2/GO-coated separator due to the high polarization and poor

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• also in various heterostructures, with exotic electronic states, e.g., a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) on the interface with LaAlO3 [16][17]. On the other side of the transition metal oxides spectrum lies titanium monoxide, TiO, in which the titanium atoms adopt the valence state 2+, contributing

• reduced (√5×√5)R26.6° surface and locally oxidizes titanium cations to regain the 4+ valence state. Vented TiO nanowires have a work function that is higher by 0.65 eV, independent of the face, which is almost 0.5 eV higher than in the case of pure oxygen (not shown). This is a footprint of the high

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• films is expected to be compensated by a mixed valence state of the manganese cation (Mn3+/Mn4+). Particularly, RS in LMO has been reported to be larger for oxygen vacancy-rich films [6][7]. Depending on the oxygen content (δ), the LMO structure changes from orthorhombic to rhombohedral at high δ [8

• a mixed valence state of the manganese cation (Mn3+/Mn4+). The variation of the Mn oxidation state for the same series of LMO films measured by Raman was confirmed by XANES (Figure 7). The local geometry of Mn was extracted from the pre-edge feature. For all the spectra, the absence of a sharp pre

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• , Bruker D8) with Cu Kα radiation. Chemical composition and valence state of the products were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Fisher Scientific). The surface morphology of the samples was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Nova nanoSEM 450) equipped with

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• between them can be different. In turn, this can be a driving force for the dewetting process [15][22]. XPS was used to determine the valence state of Au films and Au nanostructures. The Au 4f doublet of the 2.8 nm thin film after annealing at 550 °C for 15 min is presented in Figure 8. For comparison the

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• [38]. XPS was used to investigate the surface composition of the sample NPLs-2.5-800 and the valence state of the elements. The elements Co, Al, C, O, and N can be clearly observed in the full survey XPS spectrum (Figure 6B). The two characteristic peaks located at 780.8 eV and 796.5 eV in the Co 2p

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• valence state of the silver at the surface of the mp-Ag (Figure 1f) obtained in 1:10 Ag2O/NaBH4 molar ratio. The binding energies at 368.3(2) eV and 374.2(2) eV are related to Ag 3d5/2 and Ag 3d3/2 binding energies, respectively. According to the NIST database (CAS registry No 7440-22-4) these bands

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• out for the chemical composition and valence state analysis of various species. The foreign impurity C at 284.6 eV is used to calibrate peak positions in all the XPS results. High-resolution narrow-scan spectra of O, Bi, Zn and I are also conducted for the study of surface chemical state in detail

• -resolution scan of Bi 4f is displayed in Figure 4b. Both pure BiOI and the nanocomposite sample consist of a doublet which can be well-assigned to Bi 4f5/2 at 164.5 eV and Bi 4f3/2 at 159.2 eV with an energy difference of 5.3 eV [39][46], revealing that +3 is the main valence state of the Bi element in B-1

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• air at 300 °C for 50 min) and MnOx/CNT-N3 (calcined in N2 at 300 °C for 2 h) catalysts. This is greatly associated with the CNTs reducing MnOx to a lower valence state during the calcination process. Thus, thermal treatment condition plays a vital role in obtaining the best NO removal for CNT-based

Statistics of work and orthogonality catastrophe in discrete level systems: an application to fullerene molecules and ultra-cold trapped Fermi gases

• Antonello Sindona,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina,
• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Pierfrancesco Riccardi,
• Giovanni Falcone and
• Francesco Plastina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.78

• Fermi level. On the other hand, the lowest- energy unperturbed valence state gets mainly mixed with the first two occupied perturbed valence states (see also Table 1). Energy levels and (broadened) density of states for a trapped gas of spin 1/2 fermions having a number of occupied states (N = 122

Towards precise defect control in layered oxide structures by using oxide molecular beam epitaxy

• Federico Baiutti,
• Georg Christiani and
• Gennady Logvenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 596–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.70

• maintain the “MBE regime” conditions characterized by a ballistic path of the atoms from the metal source to the deposition surface, while having at the same time the possibility to oxidize the evaporated metals to the desired valence state in a temperature range (usually between 600 °C and 700 °C), which

• ·10−5 Torr, shows a superconducting transition around 40 K. This way we found that, in our growth conditions, (i) copper is oxidized to the maximum valence state Cu2+, which is the first prerequisite to form the La2CuO4 phase and (ii) the ozone partial pressure in our deposition system is adequate to

Characterization of electroforming-free titanium dioxide memristors

• John Paul Strachan,
• J. Joshua Yang,
• L. A. Montoro,
• C. A. Ospina,
• A. J. Ramirez,
• A. L. D. Kilcoyne,
• Gilberto Medeiros-Ribeiro and
• R. Stanley Williams

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 467–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.55

• at 456 eV, assigned to the Ti3+ valence state. The NEXAFS therefore indicates a mixed-valence composition including both Ti3+ and Ti4+, and matches well the spectrum observed in reduced titanium oxide layers [36][37][38]. It is additionally worth noting that the spectrum observed in the ON and OFF